The Heidelberg School, often described as Australian Impressionism, was a significant art movement of the late 19th century. While Josephine was not formally part of the movement, her career and connections are intertwined.
Many of her contemporaries, such as Tom Roberts (1856–1931), Arthur Streeton (1867–1943) and Frederick McCubbin (1855–1917) are closely associated with the Heidelberg School.
These artists focused on plein air, or outdoor painting, capturing the Australian bush and rural life with an emphasis on the unique qualities of the nation’s light and landscape.
Although Josephine shared their interest in depicting Australian subjects, her artistic approach and choice of subject matter set her apart. Rather than aligning with a cohesive movement or group, she pursued a more individual practice.
